Not enough nurse bees to support the brood would my guess with looking at those couple pictures. Sometime they just aren’t strong enough to get out of the cells before they run out of energy. Always could be poison also and would be hard to tell the difference. Is there enough of a colony left to save?

Yes, a queen that can fit through a catcher is either just small, or not mated or newly mated. I would not even attempt to go into a colony that is raising a new queen for about three weeks. The idea is, if you disrupt them they may think there is something wrong with the queen and begin the process of replacing her.

You first colony most likely is a goner. Sorry to say that. The queen cell most likely has a dead queen in it. She should of emerged before the workers went laying workers. The other bad news is it is very hard to requeen a laying worker colony because they think they have a queen and will typically kill queen after queen you try to introduce. I would suggest shaking out that colony at least 100 years away and put the package into that colony after removing all the drone brood. Freeze all those frames to kill any of the mites At least 48 hours. It right now it is a mite factory. If you can cycle all the frames through the freeze before you use them again.